It is either applied to an atom or a molecule. The electron affinity is the energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom or molecule and is the H for the reaction (5-140) A ( g ) A ( g ) + e ( g ) which is different than the heat of formation of the anion, as illustrated next.
(More negative energy = greater affinity) Element Electron affinity refers to the amount of energy that is liberated whenever a molecule or a neutral atom tends to acquire an electron from the other elements. Obviously, the halogens, which are one electron away from a noble gas electron configuration, have high affinities for electrons: Since a half-filled "p" subshell is more stable, carbon has a greater affinity for an electron than nitrogen. On comparing chloride ion with fluoride ion we find that electron density per unit volume in fluoride ion (F). This occurs because of the same subshell rule that governs ionization energies.
#Electron affinity download#
The change is small and there are many exceptions.Įlectron affinity decreases or increases across a period depending on electronic configuration. Download Citation on ResearchGate Electron Affinity of Organic Molecules The formation of organic radical ions by direct electron exchange between a donor molecule D and an acceptor molecule A. (An unbound electron has an energy of zero.)Īs with ionization energy, there are two rules that govern the periodic trends of electron affinities:Įlectron affinity becomes less negative down a group.Īs the principal quantum number increases, the size of the orbital increases and the affinity for the electron is less. This property is measured for atoms and molecules in the gaseous state since in a solid or liquid. Electron affinity follows a trend on the periodic table. It is indicated using the symbol Ea and is usually expressed in units of kJ/mol. This article summarizes key chemical and thermal properties of this chemical element and atom. Electron affinity is the amount of energy required to detach one electron from a negatively charged ion of an atom or molecule. A more negative electron affinity corresponds to a greater attraction for an electron. The electron affinity of an atom or molecule is the amount of energy released or spent when an electron is added to a neutral atom or molecule in the gaseous state to form a negative ion ( Anslyn and Dougherty, 2006 ): X + e X + energy. Beryllium - Electron Affinity - Electronegativity - Ionization Energy of Beryllium. In more simple terms, electron affinity is known as the energy that is released when an atom gains an electron due to the formation of a negative ion. It is caused generally when there is a release of energy when an electron gets added to it. This is because energy is usually released in this process, as opposed to ionization energy, which requires energy. Electron affinity is referred to as the change occurring in the energy of an atom. About … icon-addNote android4 Answer apple4 icon-appStoreEN icon-appStoreES icon-appStorePT icon-appStoreRU Imported Layers Copy 7 icon-arrow-spined icon-ask icon-attention icon-bubble-blue icon-bubble-red ButtonError ButtonLoader ButtonOk icon-cake icon-camera icon-card-add icon-card-calendar icon-card-remove icon-card-sort chrome-extension-ru chrome-extension-es-mx chrome-extension-pt-br chrome-extension-ru comment comment icon-cop-cut icon-cop-star Cross Dislike icon-editPen icon-entrance icon-errorBig facebook facebook-logo flag flag_vector icon-globe google-logo icon-googlePlayEN icon-googlePlayRU icon-greyLoader icon-cake Heart 4EB021E9-B441-4209-A542-9E882D3252DE Created with sketchtool.Notice the sign on the energy is negative.
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